辣椒总碱对肠道健康的时效性影响

目的：研究喂食辣椒总碱时间的长短对大鼠肠道健康的影响。方法：将96 只SD大鼠按体质量随机分成3 批，每批32 只。再将每批32 只按体质量随机分为4 组，每组8 只。在正常饲养条件下，每天分别给大鼠灌以辣椒总碱剂量为0（空白组）、4 mg/（kg?d）（低剂量）、8 mg/（kg?d）（中剂量）、12 mg/（kg?d）（高剂量）的大豆油溶液。并且每天称得采食量，喂养4、8、12 周后处死大鼠并收集盲肠、盲肠内容物，测定内容物和肠壁量、游离氨、pH值、短链脂肪酸、微生物等反映肠道健康的指标。结果：灌胃大鼠4 周后，各剂量组的双歧杆菌显著增加，高剂量组的大肠杆菌显著降低；灌胃8 周后，各剂量组体质量显著降低、乳酸菌含量显著升高，中、高剂量组的盲肠面积显著降低，高剂量组的厌氧菌显著升高且大肠杆菌显著降低；灌胃12 周后，各剂量组体质量显著降低、盲肠面积显著降低、pH值显著升高、乙酸和丙酸浓度显著降低、厌氧菌和肠球菌含量显著升高，中、高剂量组的乳酸菌含量显著降低。结论：短期食用辣椒总碱可以促进肠道健康，但是长期食用辣椒总碱会严重损害肠道健康。

Effect of Capsaicinoid Dose and Duration of Administration on Intestinal Health in Rats

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different doses and durations of administration of
capsaicinoids on intestinal health in rats. Methods: A total of 96 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were stochastically divided into
three batches with 32 in each batch, each of which was further randomly divided into four groups by body weight with 8
in each group. Under normal feeding conditions, these four groups of rats were administered daily with capsaicinoids at
doses of 0 (CON), 4 (low dose, LD), 8 (moderate dose, MD), and 12 mg/(kg·d) (high dose, HD) in soybean oil solution,
respectively. Food intake was recorded daily. After being fed for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the rats were executed and their
cecum samples were collected for the determination of cecal contents, cecal wall, free ammonia, pH, short chain fatty acids
(SCFA) and microorganisms to evaluate the intestinal health status. Results: After being fed for 4 weeks, the number of
bifidobacteria in all three dose groups was increased significantly whereas the number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the
LD group was significantly decreased. After feeding for 8 weeks, body weight was significantly decreased and lactic acid
bacteria were significantly increased in these dose groups, the cecal area was significantly decreased in the MD and HD
groups, and the number of anaerobes was significantly increased but the number of E. coli was significantly decreased in the
HD group. After being fed for 12 weeks, the body weight and cecal area were significantly decreased and pH was increased
significantly, the concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid were significantly decreased. Anaerobic bacteria and
enterococci were significantly increased in the three dose groups, and lactic acid bacteria were significantly decreased in both
MD and HD groups. Conclusion: Short-term administration of capsaicinoids can improve the intestinal health but long-term
administration will cause serious damage to the intestinal health.