影响赤泥中浸出锌铜钒铬的主要因素探讨

重金属元素的浸出研究对提高赤泥中元素的综合回收和环境保护具有重要意义,因此需要对赤泥中Zn、Cu、V、Cr元素的主要浸出因素进行探讨。实验以盐酸浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间为考察因素,各元素浸出量为考察指标,采用L₁₆(4³)的正交试验,借助电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES),对影响赤泥中浸出Zn、Cu、V、Cr的主要因素进行探讨。结果显示,各待测元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999 7。盐酸浓度与浸出温度对元素的浸出影响较为显著,而浸出时间影响较弱,4种元素浸出的最佳条件为盐酸浓度9 mol/L、浸出温度100 ℃、浸出时间60 min。上述浸出条件下,赤泥样品中Zn、Cu、V、Cr的浸出率分别为86.67%、85.88%、88.55%和87.57%。研究表明,合理控制盐酸浓度、浸出温度和浸出时间,可以有效地提高赤泥中Zn、Cu、V、Cr浸出量,为赤泥中重金属元素的回收提供参考。

Discussion on main factors affecting the leaching of zinc,copper, vanadium and chromium in red mud

The study on leaching behavior of heavy metals is of great significance to improve the comprehensive recovery of elements in red mud and environmental protection.Therefore, it is necessary to explore the main factors affecting the leaching of Zn,Cu,V and Cr in red mud.The concentration of hydrochloric acid,leaching temperature and leaching time were selected as the factors for investigation in the experiments.The leaching content of each element was taken as the investigation index.The orthogonal experiment of L16(4³) was adopted to study the main factors affecting the leaching of zinc,copper,vanadium and chromium in red mud based on inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).The results showed that the linear correlation coefficient of the calibration curves of elements were all more than 0.999 7.The concentration of hydrochloric acid and leaching temperature had a significant influence on the leaching of elements, while the leaching time had slight influence.The optimal leaching conditions of the four elements were obtained as below:the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 9 mol/L,the leaching temperature was 100 ℃ and the leaching time was 60 min.Under above conditions, the leaching rates of Zn,Cu,V and Cr could reach 86.67%,85.88%,88.55% and 87.57%,respectively.It indicated that the reasonable control of hydrochloric acid concentration,leaching temperature and leaching time could effectively improve the leaching amount of Zn,Cu,V and Cr in red mud.It provided reference for the recovery of heavy metals in red mud.