LCD models to analyze and simulate motion artifacts

Abstract— In this paper, two models to evaluate the temporal behavior of liquid‐crystal displays are described: a model assuming a linear display behavior and a model that incorporates non‐linear effects. For the linear temporal model, it can be predicted that the response time starts to contribute to motion blur when it is longer than one‐sixth of the hold time and becomes dominant when it is longer than eight times the hold time. The non‐linear model can be used to visualize the appearance of effects that cannot be determined via linear system theory. Also, some means to reduce display artifacts are described and its impact is illustrated. Although the main focus in this article is on the temporal behavior of liquid‐crystal displays, the spatial properties defined by the pixel structure can be simulated as well. A formula for the spatio‐temporal display behavior is given, which can be evaluated numerically to simulate the perceived image for arbitrary image‐sequence input material.