CFRP复合材料孔隙形貌特征的统计分析

采用光学显微镜观察和统计分析的方法研究了孔隙率(P)在0.03%～4.96%范围内的16组碳纤维增强树脂(carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)复合材料中孔隙的平均长度、平均宽度及平均宽长比等参数的变化规律。结果表明:CFRP复合材料的孔隙形貌在整体上呈现统计特性,当孔隙率0.03%≤P0.5%时,孔隙截面接近圆形,孔隙平均长度和平均宽度分别为10～50μm和10～30μm,平均宽长比为0.5～0.8;当孔隙率0.5%≤P3.0%时,孔隙截面逐渐趋向于椭圆形,孔隙平均长度和平均宽度分别为50～70μm和20～30μm,平均宽长比为0.5～0.6;当孔隙率3.0%≤P≤4.96%时,大多数孔隙截面呈现长条形,孔隙平均长度和平均宽度分别为50～100μm和30～40μm,平均宽长比0.35～0.5;同时,CFRP复合材料的孔隙形貌也具有随机特性,不同孔隙率试样之间和同一试样不同部位之间,其孔隙形状、尺寸及分布都可能存在明显差异。

Statistical Analysis on Morphology Characteristic of Voids in CFRP Composites

The relations of porosity and parameters including average length（AL）,average width（AW） and ratio of width to length（RWL） of voids in 16-groups of carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP） composite samples with porosity（P） ranges in 0.03%- 4.96%had been investigated using metallographic observation and statistical analysis.The results show that the void morphology in CFRP composites satisfied the statistical property on the whole Most of voids were round-shape under the condition of 0.03%≤P0.5%,and the range of AL,AW and RWL were 10-50 fun,10 - 30μm,and 0.5 - 0.8,respectively.When 0.5%≤P3.0%,most of voids were translated into ellipse and the range of AL,AW and RWL were 50 - 70μm,20 - 30μm and 0.5 - 0.6, respectively.When 3.0%≤P≤4.96%,most of voids were long stripe and the range of AL,AW and RWL were 50-100μm,30-40μm and 0.35-0.5,respectively.Meanwhile,morphology of voids in CFRP composites also had random property,such as large difference of size,shape and distribution of voids existing in the samples with different porosity and even different location of the same sample.