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A continuous valence band through NO orbital hybridization in NTiO2 and its induced full visible-light absorption for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Affiliation:1. College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, PR China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China;1. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;1. Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Forest Park, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA;2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA;3. Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA;1. Physics Dept., Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran;2. Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran;3. Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, P. O. Box 34149-16818, Qazvin, Iran;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China;2. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China;3. Anhui International Joint Research Center on Hydrogen Safety, Hefei, 230009, China;1. Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Research Center, Engineering Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
Abstract:Photocatalytic hydrogen production represents an effective approach for solar energy conversion, which can greatly ease the current energy crisis. Herein, we report a successful Nsingle bondO orbital hybridization in N-doped TiO2 nanotube, the absorption wavelength is greatly red-shifted to visible light (from 400 to 800 nm) with large absorbance. The doping N element can partially replace the oxygen sites in TiO2 lattice to form Nsingle bondTisingle bondN bonds. The hybridization effect of N 2p and O 2p makes a continuous valence band and the position up-shift from 1.99 to 1.67 eV, the band gap is subsequently narrowed from 3.21 to 2.77 eV for 1.85-Nsingle bondTiO2 nanotube, which has been confirmed by ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy valence band spectra. Benefiting from the enhanced visible light absorption ability and ultrathin shell feature, 1.85-Nsingle bondTiO2 nanotube exhibits exciting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance with a rate of 10870 μmol h−1 g−1 under the selected visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). This work demonstrates an alternative strategy for tuning visible light absorption ability by doping for wide-band-gap semiconductors in photocatalysts design, and the philosophy can also be extended to other photocatalytic systems.
Keywords:Continuous valence band  Orbital hybridization  photocatalytic  Hydrogen production
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