焊接热输入对堆焊残余应力和变形的影响分析

为了研究热输入对堆焊残余应力和变形的影响，建立了钢板堆焊的有限元网格模型，进行了高斯移动热源的加载，通过改变焊接电流和焊接速度的大小，研究了热输入对堆焊残余应力和变形的影响规律。研究结果表明，焊件最大残余应力节点位于焊缝区域；最大形变处位于焊件宽度方向的外端；一定范围内，增大焊接电流，焊件形变量先变大后变小，最大残余应力数值逐渐变大，最终趋于某一定值；增大焊接速度，焊件最大残余应力和形变量均逐渐减小。

Analysis of Influence of Welding Heat Input on Surfacing Residual Stress and Deformation

In order to analyze the influence of heat input on surfacing residual stress and deformation, a finite element mesh model of steel plate surfacing was established, Gauss moving heat source was loaded, and the influence of heat input on surfacing residual stress and deformation was analyzed by the change of welding electric current and welding speed. The research results showed that the nodes where the residual stresses of welding reached the maximum value were located in the weld zone; the area where the deformation reached the maximum value was located at the outer end of the welding in the width direction; in a certain range, with the increasing of welding current, the shape variable of the weldment became larger and then smaller, and the maximum residual stress value increased gradually，and finally tended to a certain value; with the increase of welding speed, the maximum residual stress and deformation of weldment decreased gradually.