高寒区高混凝土坝关键技术难题与解决途径

随着小湾、锦屏一级等300 m级特高混凝土坝的陆续建成,我国混凝土筑坝技术水平迈入了世界先进行列。相对而言,高寒区混凝土筑坝技术是我国坝工技术的短板,世界上高寒区混凝土坝也出现了较多严重事故。未来,我国即将在高寒地区建设QBT、叶巴滩等特高混凝土坝,面临挑战。为此,基于典型工程的统计数据分析了我国高寒区的气象、水文特点,结合当前混凝土坝的技术进展评述,提出了高寒区混凝土筑坝亟待攻克的诸如高强高抗冻高抗裂大坝混凝土的制备与施工质量控制、混凝土坝施工运行全过程防裂、大坝表面耐久防护与安全监控三大关键难题,阐明了其中的关键科学问题、技术难题、总体技术路线和近期要研究的主要问题,为实现高寒区高混凝土坝高质量建设与长期安全运行指明了技术路径,可为相关研究提供参考。

Study on key technical problems of high concrete dam construction in alpine region

Aiming at the key technical problems of the construction of high concrete dam in alpine region，the meteorological and hydrological characteristics in alpine region in China are analyzed in accordance with the relevant statistic data of the typical projects concerned，and then three key problems those to be urgently solved for the construction of high concrete dam in alpine region，i． e． preparation of high strength，high freeze-resistance and high anti-cracking concrete and construction quality control; crack-prevention during the full process of the construction and operation of the concrete dam and the dam surface durability protection and safety monitoring，are put forward herein in combination with the review made on the current technologies of the concrete dam construction; from which the key scientific and technical problems，the general technical routes and the major issues necessary to be studied in the near future therein are expounded，so as to point out the technical routes for realizing the high-quality construction and long-term safe operation of the high concrete dam in alpine region as well as provide some references for the relevant studies．