Bactericidal action of slightly acidic electrolyzed water against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus via multiple cell targets |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;2. Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;3. Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China;1. School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA;2. Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan;3. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA;4. Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan;1. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja 2 Dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemistry and Agricultural Industries, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 117, Kinshasa XI, D.R. Congo;1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;2. Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China;1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;2. Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200701, Republic of Korea;3. College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| Abstract: | This study combined plate counting method and fluorescent techniques (membrane integrity and potential, intracellular enzyme activity, and intracellular ROS level) to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, the inactivation mechanism of SAEW was further explored through multiple cell targets (outer membrane and intracellular components). The results within 30 s SAEW treatment displayed 6.02 and 5.83 log reductions obtained for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The maximum sublethally injured cell proportions induced by SAEW exposure were 0.34 and 0.40 log10 CFU/mL for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. According to the data from experiments of various acting cellular sites by fluorescent techniques, SAEW damaged the microbial membrane integrity and membrane potential severely. Also, it posed inactivation effect on the activity of intracellular esterase enzymes. Therefore, SAEW showed disinfection behavior with multiple cellular targets, including both cell barriers and intracellular components. Furthermore, SAEW did not result in accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside microbial cell, indicating SAEW conducted a ROS-independent behavior on microbial inactivation and the chemical oxidants (e.g., hypochlorous acid) played major role in microbial intracellular oxidation processing. The result in this study will help to further understand the disinfection mechanism underlying SAEW on microorganisms and make SAEW inactivation targets more explicit. |
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| Keywords: | Slightly acidic electrolyzed water Sublethal injury Inactivation mechanism |
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