电子束粉末床熔融增材制造装备发展综述

电子束粉末床熔融(EB-PBF)增材制造技术具备成形效率高、成形零件应力低等优势，适用于高温合金、高熔点金属的成形，在航空航天、生物医疗等领域具有广阔的应用前景。对电子束粉末床熔融装备的研究情况进行了概述，回顾了EB-PBF装备的发展历程，汇总分析了国内外主要厂商的装备特点及研发进展，综述了抗吹粉、多材料、多束流复合3个方面装备的关键改进与创新方法。在此基础上，着重介绍了离子中和、机械装置屏蔽、近红外预热等新型成形舱改进方案，及其对工艺过程稳定性的提升效果;介绍了新型铺送粉装置改进方案对多材料成形的潜力，即该方案可有效满足多材料成形、成形效率提高等需求;此外提出并实现了多电子枪同幅加热成形、电子束-激光复合成形等突破传统单电子枪加工思路的新型成形技术。最后，总结了该方向的研究进展并对其发展前景和主要发展方向进行了展望。

Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing:A Review of Equipment and Process Technology Developments

Electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) additive manufacturing technology is very suitable for forming superalloys and refractory metals due to its advantages of high efficiency and low forming stress in the formed parts. It has a broad application prospect in the aerospace and biomedical domains. This paper presented a comprehensive overview of the research concerning EB-PBF equipment. It delved into the historical evolution of EB-PBF equipment, meticulously examined the equipment characteristics as well as the research and development progress made by major domestic and international manufacturers, and also overviewed key advancements and innovative approaches in three crucial dimensions:anti-smoking, multi-material integration, and hybrid beam manufacturing. On this basis, the new forming chamber improvement schemes such as ion neutralization, mechanical device shielding, and near-infrared preheating as well as its effect on improving the process stability were mainly introduced. The potential of new powder spreading and feeding device on materials forming was introduced, which effectively met the needs of multi-material forming and forming efficiency improvement. In addition, the multi-electron-gun simultaneous heating and forming, the electron beam-laser hybrid forming, and some other new methods were proposed and realized. Finally, the research progress in this direction was summarized and the prospect of its development and the main development direction was put forward.