Heatwaves and storms contribute to degraded water quality conditions in the nearshore of Lake Ontario |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;2. Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Ontario Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Rd. Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. Research Park of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, VO, Dekabristov Lane, 16, St. Petersburg 199155, Russia;2. Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastianova St. 9, St. Petersburg 196105 Russia;3. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia;1. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 48105, USA;2. Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 48105, USA;3. Tetra Tech, 10 Post Office Square, Suite 1100, Boston, MA 02109, USA;4. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108-9719, USA;1. Large Lakes Observatory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, United States;2. Department of Biology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, United States;1. University at Buffalo, Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, 602 Clemens Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;2. Buffalo State College, Great Lakes Center, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY 14222, USA;3. University at Buffalo, Department of Geology, 126 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;1. Biology Department, Bradley University, 1501 W. Bradley Ave., Peoria, IL 61625, USA;2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Room 2534, 1100 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;4. Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, 4040 Dana Building, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;1. Department of Medicinal Plants, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran;2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran;4. Department of Environment Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Sistan, Iran;5. Iran Fisheries Organization, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Fisheries, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran |
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| Abstract: | As extreme climatic events, such as heatwaves and storms, become more frequent in response to changing climates, understanding the role climatic events play on water quality is essential. Here, we use water quality monitoring data collected from the nearshore of Lake Ontario between 2000 and 2018 to ask: i) which sites in the nearshore of Lake Ontario have statistically extreme water quality conditions?; ii) do water quality conditions differ in extreme versus non-extreme climate years?; and iii) what are the significant antecedent extreme weather drivers of water quality in the nearshore of Lake Ontario? Three sites with the highest chlorophyll a concentrations and eutrophic conditions, two of which are in Areas of Concern, exhibited the strongest responses to climate extremes. Antecedent weather conditions explained 87.2% of the variation in extreme chlorophyll a concentrations. In particular, warmer temperatures and heatwaves corresponded with statistical extremes in chlorophyll a concentrations. Precipitation accounted for 35.5% of the variation in extreme conditions of turbidity, including storm events the day prior to sampling. When considering site-specific extreme conditions, antecedent weather conditions explained 66.8% of the variation in turbidity. We illustrate the strong role that heatwaves and storm events play on spatial and temporal patterns in extreme water quality conditions, highlighting the importance of incorporating climate change adaptation plans into ecosystem management strategies to preserve water quality in the highly important and iconic nearshore regions of the Laurentian Great Lakes. |
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| Keywords: | Lake Ontario Nearshore Turbidity Extreme events |
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