Proliferation of phytoplankton along a 500 km transect of the St. Lawrence River from its outflow at Lake Ontario |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, United States;2. Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, United States;3. Département des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada;1. Organization for Educational Support and International Affairs, Tottori University, Koyama Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;2. Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, Hamasaka 1390, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;3. Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;4. Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;5. Graduate School of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi, Akita City 010-8502, Japan;6. School of Earth Sciences and Blue Nile Water Institute, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;1. University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;2. University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, 50 Stone Road West, ON N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada;3. University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Systematic Zoology, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;4. University of Milan, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;5. University of Szczecin, Institute of Marine and Environmental Science, Centre of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, W?ska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;6. BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;1. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA;3. Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Aquatic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 440 Trainer Natural Resources Building, 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA;1. Natural Resources Department, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, 2428 Shunk Rd, Sault Ste. Marie, MI Resources 49783, USA;2. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Research Station, 96 Grant Street, Charlevoix, MI 49720, USA;3. Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;4. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, 7500 Odawa Circle, Harbor Springs, MI 49740, USA;1. Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;2. Remote Sensing and GIS Research and Outreach Services, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA |
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| Abstract: | Observation of phytoplankton and water chemistry along the main channel of the St. Lawrence River was made at a high spatial resolution (every 12 km) in order to infer the factors that influence development of this phytoplankton community. The phytoplankton community in the main channel was collected over a 10-d period (mid July 2018) from the headwaters to near the beginning of the St. Lawrence River estuary. Total phosphorus concentration in river water increased with distance downstream (154–2,750 nM) and phytoplankton biomass (1.4–10.5 µg chl-a/L) was strongly correlated (r = 0.84, 46 d.f.) to the concentration of total phosphorus. Diatoms, chrysophytes and dinoflagellates dominated the phytoplankton community at the outlet of Lake Ontario and total chlorophyll-a concentrations increased three-fold with 500 km transit downstream from Lake Ontario; phycocyanin-rich Cyanobacteria showed the greatest proportional increase (227%). Total P concentrations observed in 1997 along this transect were identical to those observed in 2018; however, chl-a concentrations were much lower in 1997, a finding attributed to a greater filter feeding benthic organism impact on the standing crop of phytoplankton. Observations support the hypothesis that the phytoplankton community composition in this large river is strongly influenced by the headwater characteristics (Lake Ontario) and gradually influenced by entrainment of nutrient-rich tributary waters. |
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| Keywords: | Algae Cyanobacteria Phosphorus Phytoplankton St Lawrence River Water quality |
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