Spatial and temporal variability in lake trout diets in Lake Ontario as revealed by stomach contents and stable isotopes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Glenora Fisheries Station, 41 Hatchery Lane, Picton, Ontario K0K 2T0, Canada;2. USGS Lake Ontario Biological Station, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126, USA;1. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 252 Farm Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;3. Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, 103 Giltner Hall, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;4. Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York-Oswego, Centennial Drive, Oswego, NY 13126, USA;5. Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Natural Resources Department 2608 Government Center Drive Manistee, MI 49660, USA;1. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;4. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Alpena Fisheries Research Station, Alpena, MI 49707, USA;1. U.S. Geological Survey, New York Water Science Center, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, United States;2. Niagara County Soil and Water Conservation District, 4487 Lake Avenue, Lockport, NY 14094, United States;3. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 270 Michigan Avenue, Buffalo, United States;1. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Forestry Building, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center Lake, Superior Biological Station, 2800 Lakeshore Drive E., Ashland, WI 54806, United States;3. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Natural Resource Department, 7500 Odawa Circle, Harbor Springs, MI 49740, United States;4. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alpena Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 480 W. Fletcher Street, Alpena, MI 49707, United States;5. New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Lake Ontario Unit, 541 East Broadway Street, Cape Vincent, NY 13618, United States;6. Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, Forestry Building, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;1. Natural Resources Department, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, 2428 Shunk Rd, Sault Ste. Marie, MI Resources 49783, USA;2. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Research Station, 96 Grant Street, Charlevoix, MI 49720, USA;3. Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;4. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, 7500 Odawa Circle, Harbor Springs, MI 49740, USA |
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| Abstract: | Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are an ecologically and economically important piscivore with reported differences in diet and feeding behaviour throughout its range. Eleven stomach content and stable isotope-based metrics were used to describe diets of 349 lake trout between two years (2013 and 2018) and among geographic zones (west, central, east, Kingston basin) in Lake Ontario. Using individual (e.g., volumetric, %V) and aggregate (e.g., index of relative importance, %IRI) diet metrics, we found an overwhelming dominance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in lake trout diets among some zones in 2013 (%V = 23.3 – 92.7; %IRI = 12.2 – 99.5) and all zones in 2018 (%V = 83.9 – 96.7; %IRI = 96.5 – 100). Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) were secondary lake trout prey items with relative diet percentages only marginally reflected by spatial and temporal variation in prey abundance (round goby: %V = 1.0 – 33.3, %IRI = 0.1 – 13.2; rainbow smelt: %V = 2.5 – 54.0, %IRI = 0.1 – 54.0). Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic niche areas and orientations were similar across all year-zone combinations reinforcing temporal and spatial consistency in lake trout diet. The findings of this study advance the time series in describing Lake Ontario lake trout diets and can be used to complement stock assessments and management decisions associated with carrying capacity for the diverse salmonid community. |
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| Keywords: | Diet Dietary niche Interindividual variation Feeding behaviour |
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