A simple water clarity-turbidity index for the Great Lakes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, 5830 University Research Court, College Park, MD 20740, USA;2. Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies/Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park, 5825 University Research Court, College Park, MD 20740, USA;1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran;2. School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 1684613114, Iran;1. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States;2. Department of Geological Sciences, Central Connecticut State University, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050, United States;3. Department of Physical and Life Sciences, Nevada State College, 1300 Nevada State Drive, Henderson, NV 89002, United States;4. Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, United States;5. Environmental Science Program, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, CT 06106, United States;1. Large Lakes Observatory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, United States;2. Department of Biology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, United States |
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| Abstract: | There are a multitude of satellite-derived water clarity and turbidity indicators to support the decision making of environmental managers and policy makers. However, water quality dynamic ranges addressed by these indicators can differ significantly, subjecting non-expert users to potential pitfalls. Here we propose a satellite water clarity-turbidity index (CTI) as a simplified way to capture major changes in water clarity/turbidity across all water types in the Great Lakes. The CTI is defined to merge key information from three prerequisite variables derived from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) measurements, namely, the Secchi disk depth, the particulate backscattering coefficient, and the nephelometric turbidity, which are suitable for clear, intermediate, and turbid waters, respectively. Application to the Great Lakes shows that with one parameter, the CTI can illustrate major spatial and temporal patterns that are not entirely visible with each of the three original indicators alone. Using the CTI, we identified significant decrease in water turbidity in Lakes Michigan and Huron from 2000 to 2005, during which daily variability of CTI in August initially spiked and then gradually decreased most likely owing to diminishing whiting events. The CTI is a convenient and holistic assessment tool for water quality management. |
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| Keywords: | Satellite Remote sensing Water quality Secchi disk depth Backscattering coefficient Nephelometric turbidity units |
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