Assessment of solar emissions in the climate of Iraq for efficient multifunctional disposal

The concept of solar-hydrogen energy today provides optimal solutions in light of the climate agenda for all geographic areas of the globe.Iraq's geographical location and climate conditions predetermine ample opportunities for renewable sources, namely solar energy. High air temperatures, the prevailing number of sunny days recorded annually in the region, create a favorable technical platform for the implementation of thermal processes based on the utilization of incoming research. Therefore, for the design of solar plants and in the future, a reliable estimate of solar energy resources is required to determine the generated power depending on seasonal changes. Theoretical methods of calculating the incoming radiation flow for a particular area do not have the required accuracy for a number of reasons, the main of which is the permanent state of cloud cover. Only taking into account the actual climatic conditions for the construction areas under consideration on the basis of long-term actinometric observations gives a fairly accurate distribution of solar energy. The absence of such information in full implies forecasting of resource availability, including for areas not covered by observation systems. Given these limitations, an analysis of the average monthly daily solar radiation revenues for densely populated areas of Iraq is provided. On the basis of actinometric information of many years of observations, dependencies were obtained to determine the solar energy coming at statistical clouds per day per 1 m² of horizontal surface of the area, taking into account its latitude and serial number of the month of the year. The equations allow to fulfill the forecast of the area irradiation for the design of solar plants, to justify the subsequent efficiency of the alternative system, as well as the level of possible replacement of traditional resources and the degree of reduction of their consumption. On the basis of the calculated data, it is possible to justify the most expedient scheme of solar energy utilization depending on the available resources and to select the structures of radiation sensing devices required for climatic conditions for the solved tasks. In view of the analysis of solar energy distributions and average monthly outdoor air temperatures in Iraq, two types of thermal solar plants have been recommended for use, which may have additional circuits for generating electricity and cold. In addition, the fixed irradiation potential of the territories makes it possible to carry out an effective passive transmission to maintain the thermophilic mode of anaerobic fermentation of organic waste. In this case, environmentally friendly utilization of carbon-containing substrates is accompanied by an increase in the rate of formation of biogas, and therefore hydrogen, without the use of traditional heat supply to reactors.