生物质应用于制液体和气体燃料而不是用于发电

我国能源结构从长期看仍将以煤为主，缺油少气。从我国能源结构来讲，生物质利用的最好方式不是发电．因生物质可以生产液体和气体燃料，而风能、太阳能、水能却只能发电。我国秸杆综合利用取得明显成效．在农业和畜牧业的利用领域还可能进一步拓宽，作为燃料利用的量还可能进一步缩减。从我国还在进行的第一次能源大转换来看，我国生物质使用量已大大减少，但还有相当的数量。要减少作为能源使用的生物质传统利用量，把它用于饲料、肥料和工业原料等还有发展前景的用途。在一次能源消费以化石能源为主的时期，中国存在液体燃料和气体燃料短缺的问题，以后进入第三次能源转换时期，新能源和可再生能源替代化石能源之后，液体燃料和气体燃料短缺的问题将会更加突出。因此，生物质应用于生产液体燃料和气体燃料，而不是用于发电。而且生物质发电厂投资高、燃料成本不断上涨，使发电成本高＋生物质发电将长期缺乏竞争力。我国发展生物质液体燃料已具备一定的条件．前几年中石油、中石化和中海油已开始种植可提炼生物液体燃料的能源林。我国非粮生物质液体燃料生产基地正在积极建设之中。我国发展生物质气体燃料也具有一定优势，在沼气、气化和城镇有机废物处理方面都积累了一定的经验。总之生物质生产液体燃料和气体燃料是一种既适应我国当前、又适应未来能源需求的有效措施。

Using Biomass for Making Liquid or Gaseous Fuels instead of Power

In the long term,coal will continue to dominate China＇s energy mix and the country will remain short of oil and gas.As far as China＇s energy mix is concerned,the best approach to utilizing biomass is not for power generation.This is because biomass can be used to produce liquid and gaseous fuels,while wind energy,solar energy and hydraulic energy can only be used to generate electricity.China has made consider- able progress in the utilization of straw.As more straw may be used in the agricultural and stock farming in- dustries,the amount of straw used as fuel may continue to drop.From the ongoing large-scale energy conver- sion ,the first such initiative in the country ,the use of biomass in China has dropped significantly although a large amount of biomass is still being used.In order to reduce the amount of biomass used in a traditional way as a fuel,biomass should be used in such applications as fodder,fertilizer or industrial material which still have prospects for further development.At a time when fossil fuels dominate the consumption of primary energy ,China is short of liquid and gaseous fuels and after China enters the third stage of energy conver- sion, in which alternative energy and renewable energy will replace fossil fuels ,the country＇s shortage of liq- uid and gaseous fuels will become more prominent.For the above reasons,biomass should be used for produc- ing liquid and gaseous fuels instead of power.Besides,a biomass-fired power plant requires very high capital investment and as fuel cost elevates ,the cost of generating power will rise to high levels ,resulting in a lack of competitiveness of biomass-fired power generation.China already has the conditions for developing biomass- derived liquid fuels.A few years ago,China＇s Big Three national oil companies,PetroChina,Sinopec and CNOOC,began planting ＂energy forests＂ that can be used for extracting biological liquid fuels.China is also aggressively building non-grain biomass-derived liquid fuel production bases.China also has some advantages in developing biomass gaseous fuels and has rich experience in gasification,marsh gas use and urban organic waste treatment.In conclusion,the use of biomass in the production of liquid and gaseous fuels is an effective approach for China to meet its current and future energy needs.