低阶煤热解与兰炭生产工艺研究进展

 当今社会,化石能源日益枯竭,充分高效利用现有资源和开发新的可再生资源十分必要。低阶煤挥发分高,燃烧性和反应性较好,直接燃烧无法充分发掘其所蕴含的潜在价值。热解技术作为一种能够高效利用煤炭资源的技术,受到许多学者的重视。根据低阶煤在不同转化阶段反应性不同的特点,通过控制煤的热解过程可以制得兰炭。兰炭的气化活性优于焦炭和无烟煤,在用于高炉喷吹时,将兰炭和无烟煤混合喷吹还可以提高煤粉的喷吹性能以及促进高炉稳产顺行。凭借着高固定碳、高化学活性、低灰分、低磷、低硫等特性,兰炭成为了一种新型的碳材料,其生产制备工艺也成了大量学者的研究热点。简要分析了近些年全球的能源消耗情况和中国的能源结构,介绍了一些低阶煤热解工艺、兰炭在高炉喷吹和烧结的应用情况以及兰炭生产工艺,分析了这些工艺各自的优劣势并进行了详细对比,并且将兰炭与高炉喷吹燃料的性能进行了对比。对低阶煤热解工艺和兰炭生产工艺的前景进行了展望,提出开发大型化、自动化和环境友好型装置是未来热解工艺的发展趋势。

Research progress of low-order coal pyrolysis process and semi-coke production process

Nowadays,fossil energy is increasingly depleted,so it is necessary to make full use of existing resources and develop new renewable resources.The low-rank coal has high volatilization,good combustion and reactivity,and direct combustion cannot fully explore its potential value.Pyrolysis technology,as a kind of technology that can utilize coal resources efficiently,has attracted more attention from many scholars.According to the characteristics of low-rank coal reactivity in different conversion stages,blue carbon can be prepared by controlling coal pyrolysis.The gasification activity of blue carbon powder is better than that of coke powder and anthracite powder,when used in blast furnace injection,the mixed injection of blue carbon and anthracite can also improve the injection performance of mixed coal and promote the steady production of the blast furnace.Blue carbon has become a new type of carbon material with high fixed carbon,high chemical activity,low ash content,low phosphorus,and low sulfur,the production and preparation technology of blue carbon has also become a hot topic for many scholars.The global energy consumption and the energy structure of our country in recent years,introduces some low-order coal pyrolysis processes,the application of blue carbon in blast furnace injection and sintering,and the production process of blue carbon was analyzed briefly.The properties of blue carbon and common fuel in the blast furnace are compared.The prospect of low-order coal pyrolysis process and blue carbon production process is prospected.It is suggested that the development of the large scale,automatic,and environment-friendly plant is the development trend of the pyrolysis process in the future.