资源环境承载能力评价和国土空间开发适宜性评价研究进展

资源环境承载力评价与国土空间开发适宜性评价(简称“双评价”)是优化国土空间开发格局、合理布局建设空间的依据。本文首先探讨双评价的概念内涵,然后梳理双评价的实践研究现状,进而总结归纳双评价的指标体系及评价方法。分析发现：我国资源环境承载力评价最早为单因素评价,主要对土地资源、水资源、环境、生态和灾害承载力等进行评价,后期由于区域环境的复杂性逐渐转变为综合指标评价。国土空间开发适宜性指标体系涵盖各个方面,并已形成多要素叠置综合评价、空间作用及其趋势模拟、基于生态位的适宜性评价和参与式综合评价四种适宜性评价方法。未来的双评价应广泛借鉴区域环境评价的相关学科理论与方法,构建完善的研究体系,加强基础理论研究,推动指标体系规范与统一,完善评估框架与技术方法,研发开放式评价系统,构建可与空间管制政策对接的适宜性分类体系,扩展适宜性评价的案例研究和应用范围,同时应促进宏观空间开发适宜性和微观建设适宜性的统一和整合。

Research progress on assessment of resources and environment bearing capacity and suitability of land space development

Assessment of carrying capacity of resources and environment and suitability evaluation of land spatial development (double evaluation for short) are the basis for optimizing land spatial development pattern and rational layout of construction space. Firstly, this paper discusses the concept and connotation of double evaluation, then combs the practical research status of double evaluation, and then summarizes the index system and evaluation methods of double evaluation. It is found that the evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and environment in China is the earliest one-factor evaluation, which mainly evaluates the carrying capacity of land resources, water resources, environment, ecology and disasters. In the latter stage, because of the complexity of the regional environment, it gradually changes to comprehensive index evaluation. The index system of suitability for land spatial development covers all aspects, and has formed four suitability evaluation methods: multi-factor overlapping comprehensive evaluation, spatial role and trend simulation, niche-based suitability evaluation and Participatory Comprehensive evaluation. In the future, double evaluation should draw lessons from the relevant disciplines and methods of regional environmental assessment, construct a perfect research system, strengthen basic theoretical research, promote the standardization and unification of index system, improve the evaluation framework and technical methods, develop an open evaluation system, and construct a suitable classification that can be adapted to space control policies. At the same time, we should promote the integration of the suitability of macro-spatial development and micro-construction.