基于投入产出法的中国食品工业碳排放核算分析

随着全球应对气候变化进程加速，食品工业作为总产出最高的制造业，其碳排放影响力引起各方关注。本文通过建立一种基于投入产出法的碳排放核算模型，对我国2020年食品工业的碳排放进行了核算和评估。结果显示，我国食品工业碳排放影响力显著，直接碳排放量位居制造业第六，是传统高耗能行业外碳排放量最高的产业；间接碳排放量占比超90%，对电力供应业、石油及煤炭加工业的碳排放拉动量明显高于其他行业，均超过2亿吨；出口贸易中，亚洲国家对我国食品工业的碳排放拉动作用明显。基于食品行业碳排放特点，可通过提高食品制造过程的能源利用率、综合利用二氧化碳、优化贸易结构等方式降低食品工业的直接碳排放量和间接碳排放量。本文对我国食品等传统制造业，科学有效核算碳排放量，识别行业间碳排放拉动影响程度，具有一定的借鉴意义。

Carbon Emission Accounting Analysis of the Chinese Food Industry Based on the Input-output Method

As the global response to climate change strengthening, the carbon emission impact of the food industry, as the manufacturing industry with the highest total output, had been attracted attention from all parties. This paper calculated and evaluated the carbon emissions of Chinese food industry in 2020 by establishing a carbon emission accounting model based on input-output method. The results showed that Chinese food industry have a significant impact on carbon emissions, ranking sixth in the manufacturing industry in direct carbon emissions. Chinese food industry was the industry with the highest carbon emissions except for traditional high-energy-consuming industries. Indirect carbon emissions accounted for more than 90%, and the carbon emissions of power supply industry, oil and coal processing industry were significantly higher than those of other industries, the carbon emissions of these two industries driven by the food industry are exceeding 200 million tons. In the export trade, carbon emissions caused by exports to Asian countries play an important role. Based on the characteristics of carbon emissions in the food industry, the direct and indirect carbon emissions can be reduced by improving the energy utilization rate of the food manufacturing process, comprehensively utilizing carbon dioxide, optimizing the trade structure, etc. This paper would be useful for accounting carbon emission for the food industry and other traditional industries scientifically and effectively and identifying the relation of the industry's embodied carbon emissions with the corporate industries.