不同成熟度及海拔地区刺梨果实营养活性成分比较

目的探究成熟度及种植的海拔地区对刺梨果实营养活性成分的影响。方法收集不同成熟度及海拔地区的刺梨果实，采用分光光度计法、液相色谱法等测定样品主要营养活性成分含量，并通过主成分分析法综合评价样品品质差异。结果成熟刺梨果实含有丰富的维生素C、黄酮、单宁、多酚、三萜类化合物等活性成分，含量分别为744.01～1260.93 mg/100g FW、35.86～52.11 mg/g DW、152.82～188.7 mg/g DW 、78.04～119.54 mg/g DW及22.56～32.32 mg/g DW。与成熟果实相比，刺梨五成熟果的可溶性糖、有机酸、氨基酸、多糖含量较低，而总黄酮、总单宁、总酚及总三萜含量均显著较高。成熟果实的必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量与海拔呈负相关。主成分分析结果表明，刺梨五成熟果与成熟果的品质差异显著，而不同成熟果样品在品质上具有一定的差异但未随海拔地区呈现规律性变化。结论五成熟刺梨果实的活性成分含量显著高于成熟果实，而海拔地区对刺梨果实品质的影响较小。

Comparisons of nutritional and bioactive components of Rosa roxburghii fruits of different maturities, altitudes and regions

Objective To investigate the effects of maturities, cultivating altitudes and regions on the nutritional and bioactive components of Rosa roxburghii fruits. Methods The Rosa roxburghii fruits at different maturity and altitudes were collected. The content of main nutritional active components in the samples were determined by spectrophotometer and liquid chromatography, respectively. And the quality differences of the samples were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. Results Mature Rosa roxburghii fruits were rich in bioactive ingredients including vitamin C, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols and triterpenes, with content of 744.01?1260.93 mg/100 g FW, 35.86?52.11 mg/g DW, 128.80?188.70 mg/g DW, 78.04?119.54 mg/g DW and 22.56?32.32 mg/g DW, respectively. By comparison with mature fruit, lower soluble sugar, organic acid, amino acid and polysaccharide content were detected in half-mature fruit. However, total flavonoid, tannin, polyphenol and triterpene content were much higher in half-mature fruit. Essential amino acids and total free amino acids were negatively related with the cultivating altitudes. Principal component analysis results indicated significant quality differences between mature and half-mature fruits. Moreover, no regular change was observed as affected by cultivating altitudes and regions. Conclusion Bioactive components in half-mature Rosa roxburghii fruit are remarkably higher than those in the mature fruit, but the impacts of cultivating altitude and region are relatively low.