长江经济带矿山生态治理的实施成效、问题与对策

矿山生态修复是长江流域“山水林田湖草”一体化治理的的重要组成部分,也是长江经济带生态环境问题的重点攻关方向。本文面向长江大保护战略的环境治理需求,从矿山生态修复角度出发,系统梳理了长江经济带矿山生态治理的相关政策和环保督察案例,在此基础上,分析出长江经济带矿山生态治理过程中存在的主要问题,包括监管缺位、无序开采、尾矿库/尾矿渣处置不当、废水排放不达标、土壤污染评估缺失等。尤其是,地方政府和企业对矿山生态修复责任意识不足、法律意识欠缺,导致矿山生态问题频出;相关规范和标准的不足,导致矿山生态修复形式多追求短平快的景观修复工程,对于重金属和酸性废水等污染物缺乏科学的防治方式。最后,从健全法律法规及监管机制、完善矿山修复规范和标准、坚持“以废治废”的生态修复思路三个角度给出相应的治理建议,为长江大保护战略提供理论支撑。

Achievements, problems and suggestions of mine ecological management in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

The ecological remediation projects of mines are an significant parts of the integrated management of "mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands" in the Yangtze River Basin, and are also a key research direction for eco-environmental problems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. On the basis of the environmental management of the Yangtze River Protection Strategy, this article systematically sorts out the the governance policies and cases of environmental inspector in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Moreover, we conclude the main problems in the mines ecological management in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, including lack of supervision, disorderly mining, improper disposal of tailings reservoir/slag, substandard wastewater discharge and neglect of soil pollution assessment. Especially, due to lacking legal awareness of local governments and enterprises for mine ecological restoration, mine ecological problems occur frequently, and the lack of relevant standards leads to the lack of scientific treatment methods for the prevention of pollutants such as heavy metals and acid mine drainage. Finally, the corresponding governance suggestions are given from three perspectives: improving laws and supervision mechanism, perfecting mine restoration guidelines and standards, and adhering to the idea of "using waste to treat waste", to provide theoretical supports for the Yangtze Rive Protection Strategy.