矿业外部不经济性分析与可持续发展对策

矿业开发利用过程中产生的对环境、人类和社会的不利影响已成为制约矿业可持续发展的关键。利用经济学中“外部性”和“外部不经济”相关理论，指出矿业发展过程中产生各种环境和社会问题的实质是矿业外部不经济，其特点是贯穿于矿业开发和使用的整个过程，并具有时间外部性。为促进矿业的可持续发展，在剖析了产生不经济主要原因的基础上，有针对性地提出了环境税、生态补偿税、排污权交易、完善产权配置等经济刺激型对策，规范管理机制和运行体制、加强法制建设和监督管理等命令控制型对策，以及社会道德教育、媒体舆论监督等其他对策。 

EXTERNALITIES AND DISECONOMY IN MINING AND APPROACHES TO ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Impacts of mining activities in environment, human being and society are a key limit to its sustainable development. This paper, based on externalities and diseconomy theories, points out that the environmental and social issues are external diseconomy through the whole mining activities with temporal externalities. In order to promote sustainable development in mining, this paper analyzes the major causes, presents approaches in environmental tax, ecological compensation tax, pollution-discharged right trade, property configuration, and in management system, laws and administration, social moral education and media supervision.