苹果黄蚜防治药剂筛选及天敌安全性评价

目的]明确氟啶虫胺腈和螺虫乙酯2种新型杀虫剂及吡虫啉、吡蚜酮和高效氯氟氰菊酯3种常用杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜的田间防治效果及对主要天敌的影响,为生产应用提供科学依据。方法]采用常规喷雾法进行试验。结果]就速效性而言,氟啶虫胺腈和吡虫啉均在药后2 d表现出良好的防治效果,均在91.4%以上,显著高于螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮。就持效性而言,螺虫乙酯、氟啶虫胺腈、吡虫啉药后21 d防治效果均在85.4%以上,显著高于吡蚜酮和高效氯氟氰菊酯。药后21、28 d分别对果树益害虫比调查发现,不同试验药剂和剂量对天敌安全无影响,可在苹果黄蚜及天敌发生期推荐剂量下使用。结论]综合试验结果、防治成本及生态安全等因素推荐在苹果黄蚜发生初期采用螺虫乙酯56.0mg/L、氟啶虫胺腈41.7mg/L、吡虫啉50.0mg/L或吡蚜酮166.7mg/L进行喷雾处理可达到理想防治效果。

Screening of Insecticides against Aphis citricola and Evaluation of Safety of Natural Enemies

Aims] This paper aims to evaluate the field efficacy and its effects on main natural enemies of 2 new insecticides, sulfoxaflor and spirotetramat, and 3 commonly used insecticides, imidacloprid, pymetrozine and lambda-cyhalothrin, and to provide scientific basis for production and application. Methods] Field efficacy was measured by using foliar spraying method. Results] As far as the quick-acting effect was concerned, both sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid showed good control effect at 2 days after treatment, both of which were above 91.4%, significantly higher than spirotetramat and pymetrozine. As for the long persistence effect, the control effects of spirotetramat,sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid were above 85.4% in 21 days, significantly higher than those of pymetrozine and lambda-cyhalothrin. The benefit-harm ratio of fruit trees at 21 and 28 days after treatment was respectively investigated.The results showed that different insecticides and dosages had no effect on the safety of natural enemies, and could be used at the recommended dosage against Aphis citrina and natural enemies during the occurrence period. Conclusions]Based on the results of the experiment, the cost of control and the ecological safety, it is recommended that spirotetramat at 56.0 mg/L, sulfoxaflor at 41.7 mg/L, imidacloprid at 50.0 mg/L or pymetrozine at 166.7 mg/L were sprayed at the initial stage of A. citricola occurrence.