雾霾天气的成因及其法律层面应对状况与操作层面政策建议

雾与霾都是可以使能见度降低的天气现象,但是其组成成份不同,雾是由悬浮在空气中的水滴或冰晶所组成,是一种自然现象,而霾的本质则是人类活动造成的细颗粒物污染。细颗粒物的来源复杂,在长期暴露的情况下对人体健康产生严重影响。对于近期频繁发生的雾霾天气,其产生的外因是特殊的气象条件,而其内因则是严重的空气污染问题。纵观全球,发达国家在环境与发展的历程中都不约而同的走过了一条先污染后治理的道路。美国、英国、日本,均在发生严重的空气污染事件后颁布了的空气污染防治法律,从而逐步解决了空气污染的问题。我国《大气污染防治法》自1987年以来的几经修改,体现了我国着力解决大气污染问题的决心。为了进一步防治空气污染,更加积极的应对雾霾天气,建议从优化能源结构、实施联防联控着手,严格行业准入制度、加大对开放源与移动源污染的控制力度,加强组织领导努力提高公众环境意识,全面开展对空气污染的防治工作。

The Cause of Haze Weather and Policy Recommendations in Legal and Operational Aspects

Both of fog and haze are a kind of weather phenomena that can reduce the visibility. However, fog is a kind of natural phenomena which is composed by water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air, while haze is a kind of fine particulate matter pollution caused by human activities. The origin of fine particulate matter is very complex and there will be health impact after long-term exposure to this pollutant. The external cause of recent frequent haze weather was the special meteorological conditions, while the internal cause was serious air pollution. All of the developed countries in the world had gone through the road of "Treatment after Pollution". The United States, Britain and Japan respectively promulgated the air pollution control laws after they met some serious air pollution events, and with the help of the laws, the air pollution problem was solved gradually. "The Law of Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution" in China has been revised for several times since 1987, which demonstrates the determination of the government to make efforts to deal with the air pollution problem. Finally, in order to defense the haze problem more actively and effectively, some suggestions are proposed including optimizing the energy structure, implementation of the joint prevention and control policy, control of the open and mobile sources of pollution, strengthening the governmental guidance and raising the public environ- mental awareness, and undertaking comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution works.