喷丸强化残余应力对疲劳性能和变形控制影响研究进展

作为机械表面强化技术之一，喷丸强化使工件表层发生形变硬化，引入较高的残余压应力，减少了疲劳应力作用下微裂纹的萌生并抑制其扩展，从而显著提高零件的抗疲劳断裂和抗应力腐蚀开裂的能力。基于喷丸残余应力解析计算模型，从余弦函数模型、接触应力模型和球腔膨胀模型三个方面介绍喷丸强化残余应力的产生，进而对喷丸残余应力的仿真预测及影响规律进行论述。为了提高试件疲劳强度而引入的残余压应力会带来影响形位精度的变形，基于此阐述了喷丸残余应力对疲劳性能的影响及其在疲劳过程中的演化，同时论述了喷丸残余应力变形预测及控制的研究现状，最后对喷丸残余应力未来的研究内容与发展方向进行展望。

Research Progress of the Effect of Shot Peening Residual Stress on Fatigue Performance and Deformation Control

As one of the mechanical surface peening techniques, shot peening makes the surface layer of the workpiece deformation hardened and introduces higher residual compressive stress, which reduces the sprouting of microcracks under fatigue stress and inhibits their expansion, thus significantly improving the resistance of the part to fatigue fracture and stress corrosion cracking. Based on the analytical calculation model of shot peening residual stress, the generation of shot peening residual stress is introduced from three aspects：cosine function model, contact stress model and spherical cavity expansion model, and then the simulation prediction of shot peening residual stress and the influence law are discussed. The residual compressive stresses introduced to improve the fatigue strength of the specimen will bring about deformation that affects the form accuracy. Based on this, the effects of shot peening residual stresses on fatigue performance and their evolution in the fatigue process are explained, and the status of research on the prediction and control of shot peening residual stresses deformation is discussed, and finally the future research content and development direction of shot peening residual stresses are prospected.