简论我国新兴能源产业政策的发展定位

新兴能源产业是我国产业结构调整的先导产业,是促进产业结构合理化、高级化的重要标志.政府实施的针对新兴能源产业发展的产业政策,并不是以干预为特征的反市场行为,而是充分发挥市场的基础性作用,政府的作用在于引导和推动.我国新兴能源产业政策应立足于比较优势战略和后发优势战略的结合,既要充分发挥我国资源禀赋的比较优势,又要充分利用后发优势实现新兴能源产业结构的优化和升级.应围绕钻石模型中的4项关键要素制定相关政策,在生产要素方面,重点是创造和提升新兴能源产业生产要素的质量；在需求条件方面政府具有很重要的作用,体现在政府公共采购、制定产品和制造标准规范、设定技术标准、调整优先性需求等措施上；在相关产业与支持性产业方面,政策通过强化新兴能源产业集群和规划区域发展,形成大量产业联系密切的企业以及相关支撑机构在空间上的集聚,构建自主型的新兴能源产业价值链；在企业战略、企业结构和同业竞争方面,政府政策的作用不仅是如何成立、组织和管理企业,更重要的是推动企业的国际化发展,以及保持国内市场处于活跃的竞争状态.

China′s Emerging Energy Industry Policy Development Strategy

The emerging energy industry is the first target of China′s industrial structure adjustment and its healthy development is an important mark of a healthy and advanced industrial structure.The industry policies imposed by the government for the emerging energy industry are not anti-market actions characterized by market intervention,but to take full advantage of the basic role of the market in developing the industry.The government acts as a guide and promoter.China′s emerging energy industry policy should be based on the combination of a comparative advantage strategy and a late-mover advantage strategy,i.e.making the best of China′s comparative advantages in resource endowment as well as its late-mover advantages to achieve the optimization and upgrade of the structure of its emerging energy industry.Relevant industry policies should be developed based on the four key elements in the Diamond Model.On essential productive factor side,the key is to creating and enhancing the quality of productive factors of the emerging energy industry.On demand condition side,the government plays a vital role,which is reflected in such measures as public government procurement,the formulation of product and manufacturing criteria and specifications,the development of technical specifications and adjustment to demand priorities.On relevant industries and supportive industries,by strengthening the growth of emerging energy industry clusters and planning regional development,government policies will create a massive spatial agglomeration of enterprises with close business ties and relevant supportive organizations to form a self-contained emerging energy industry value chain.On corporate strategy,corporate structure and peer competition,in addition to setting out regulations on the establishment,organization and management of businesses,more importantly,government policies are formulated to promote the evolution of enterprises towards international firms and to ensure the domestic market is in an active competitive state.