草原露天矿区草地荒漠化遥感分析与治理对策——以霍林河露天煤矿区为例

以霍林河露天煤矿区为例，基于决策树和BP神经网络，完成了草地荒漠化信息提取，并对研究区16a来的荒漠化情况进行了分析．结果表明：1）研究区荒漠化总面积存在由强特弱、再由弱变强的演变过程，这与气候变化和人为活动有直接的关系，但更多的是受气候变化影响的缘故；2）轻度、中度荒漠化面积同样经历了由强转弱、再由弱变强的演变过程，其原因，主要是受气候变化的影响，其次是受超载放牧、掏挖药材以及垦荒等因素影响；3）受煤炭开发的影响，重度荒漠化草地多围绕矿业建设用地呈分布，并且受季风影响向矿业建设用地东侧发展迅速；4）重度荒漠化草地面积在16a间始终呈现出高增长的态势，并与矿业建设用地相关关系显著．针对草原露天矿区草地荒漠化的发生特点，提出了在矿区营造防护林网、加强土地复垦和转变观念、改变落后生产经营方式以及草地改良利用分区的荒漠化治理措施，以实现草地资源最大化．

Analysis of Grassland Desertification in Open-Cast Coal Mines Based on Remote Sensing and Its Countermeasures——An Example from Huolinhe Open-Cast Coal Mine

The desertification grassland in Huolinhe open-cast coalmine was extracted from remote sensing imageries using a decision tree and back-propagation(BP) neural network,and the desertification during the past 16 years in the research field was analyzed.The results show that 1) there is a strong to weak,then weak to strong evolution process for the total grassland desertification,which can be attributed to climate changes and human activities,especially to the influences of climate changes;2) there is the similar strong to weak, then weak to strong evolution process for the area of middle and slight desertification,which can be mainly ascribed to climate changes,then to the over-grazing,uprooting of the medicinal materials and over-reclamation;3) due to the coal exploitation,the severe desertification is always distributing around the mining land,and developing to the east quickly with the help of monsoon;4) the area of severe grassland desertification is on the increase during the past 16 years,and there is much correlation between the mining land and severe grassland desertification area.According to the characteristics of grassland desertification in the opencast coalmioe,the strategies of controlling desertification such as planting shifting-sand control and wind break trees,reinforcing land reclamation,changing unadvanced ability of the production and management and dividing the whole region into sub-regions to maximize the grassland resources are put forward.