Seismic response of box-type tunnels in soft soil: Experimental and numerical investigation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Civil Engineering, Research Unit of Soil Dynamics and Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, EPPO-ITSAK, Thessaloniki, Greece;3. IFSTTAR French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks, Nantes, France;1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China;2. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80125, Italy;3. State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China;4. Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Cooperation, Shanghai, 200032, China;5. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China;1. School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Center of Excellence for Fundamental Studies in Structural Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;1. National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geo-Engineering, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering of University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy;3. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;4. State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;1. Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China;1. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Research Unit of Soil Dynamics and Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, PO Box 424, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;2. University of Catania, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sicily, Italy;1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, PR China;3. CCCC Highway Consultants CO., Ltd. (HPDI), Beijing 100088, PR China |
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| Abstract: | A series of dynamic centrifuge tests were carried out at the geotechnical centrifuge facility of IFSTTAR in Nantes, to investigate the response of box-type tunnels embedded in dry sand under sinusoidal and seismic excitation, as affected by soil-tunnel relative flexibility and soil-structure interface rugosity. The system under investigation was analyzed by means of full dynamic time history analyses, implementing rigorous finite element models. The numerical models were calibrated on the basis of back analysis of tests, while the numerical predictions were compared with experimental data, in terms of soil and tunnel horizontal acceleration, soil shear strains and tunnel deformations. The validated numerical models were then employed to further investigate several aspects of the system seismic response. Results indicate a rocking deformation mode coupled with the well-known racking distortion of box-type tunnels under seismic shaking. The effect of the soil-tunnel interface characteristics and soil yielding on the racking deformation of the tunnel, the dynamic earth pressures and shear stresses around the tunnel, as well as on dynamic lining forces is also reported. Soil yielding leads to post-shaking, residual, dynamic earth pressures, shear stresses and lining forces, especially in the case of flexible tunnels, while interface characteristics affect the distributions of these response parameters around the perimeter of the tunnel section. The ability of simplified seismic design methods for tunnels to predict the response is finally discussed, by comparing their predictions with the recorded data and the numerical results. |
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| Keywords: | Box-type tunnels Dynamic centrifuge testing Dynamic analysis Simplified analysis methods |
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