Model-based airflow controller design for fire ventilation in road tunnels |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Control Engineering, Karlovo Náměstí 13, 121 35 Prague 2, Czech Republic;2. Czech Technical University in Prague, University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Třinecká 1024, 273 43 Buštěhrad, Czech Republic;3. Feramat Cybernetics, s.r.o., Nušlova 2268/1, 158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic;4. Satra, s.r.o., Sokolská 32, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic;1. Safety and Transport – Fire Research, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden;2. Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, China;1. School of Resource, Environment & Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science & Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China;2. Work Safety Key Lab on Prevention and Control of Gas and Roof Disasters for Southern Coal Mines, Hunan University of Science & Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China;3. College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;1. Key Laboratory of Coal Gas and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China;2. School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China;3. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes a new approach to design the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller of the longitudinal airflow velocity in road tunnels for fire situations. Our work shows clearly that the use of a proper model provides valid data for model-based tuning of tunnel controllers, which is demonstrated by real tunnel tests. The design uses the simplified mathematical model of airflow dynamics based on Bernoulli and continuity equations, which describe the airflow dynamics in one dimension. Optimizing controller parameters on site is very time consuming and this problem increases in the case of complex tunnels with several entrance and exit ramps, which typically have occurrences of traffic congestion. Our approach is based on the design of the controller through simulations, which use the mathematical model of airflow velocity in the tunnel. This approach spares a lot of work and time with the controller tuning within tunnel tests. Moreover, it can discover potential problems, which can occur during real instances of fire in the tunnel. The additional advantage of this approach is a possibility to simulate a scenario of errors and failures of some devices, which are important for reliable control of longitudinal airflow velocity. Although this approach is focused primarily on complex road tunnels, due to their complexity and significant time savings with the controller tuning, it can be also used for simpler tunnels with no ramps (usually highway tunnels) where the design of the airflow controller is not as complex compared to the case of road tunnels. This paper also includes a case study of the airflow controller design for the Blanka tunnel complex in Prague, Czech Republic, which is the largest city tunnel in Central Europe. |
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| Keywords: | PID Airflow Blanka tunnel Fire ventilation |
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