链格孢霉毒素检测方法研究进展

链格孢霉菌属于丝状真菌,是一种普遍存在于环境中的病原体和腐生菌,是低温环境下导致水果、蔬菜等农产品腐烂变质的主要微生物。链格孢霉毒素中有70多种具有明显毒性,对人或牲畜具有诱变性、致癌性和致畸性等慢性或急性毒性作用,因此引起了科学家们的广泛关注。但到目前为止,国内外现行的食品中真菌毒素的限量标准中尚不包括链格孢霉毒素,并且通常采用液相、液相-质谱、气相、气相-质谱等相关的检测方法进行检测。本文首先对链格孢霉菌的3种主要的次级代谢产物——链格孢酚、链格孢酚单甲醚和细交链孢菌酮酸的分类及毒性性质进行介绍;其次,对其主要的传统检测方法和快速检测方法进行综述;最后,对链格孢霉毒素检测的新技术新方法进行了展望。

Research progress of detecting methods for Alternaria toxins

Alternaria belongs to filamentous fungi, and is a kind of pathogens and saprophytes, widely existing in environment. Alternaria is the primary microorganisms for the spoilage of agricultural products (fruits, vegetables) under low-temperature environment. More than 70 kinds of Alternaria toxins were found with obvious toxicity and they have acute or chronic toxic effects (mutagenicity, teratogenicity and carcinogenicity, etc) on people and animals, which raised theresearch interest of scientists. But so far, the limit standards of mycotoxin have not included the Alternaria toxins in home and abroad. Traditional detection methods for Alternaria toxins mainly include liquid chromatography (LC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and so on. In this paper, classification and toxicity properties of 3 kinds of main secondary metabolite (alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether and tenuazonic acid) of Alternaria toxins were firstly introduced. The main detection methods for Alternaria toxins were summarized. The trends of the novel detection technologies for Alternaria toxins were also proposed.