4D Printing of Shape Memory Materials for Textiles: Mechanism,Mathematical Modeling,and Challenges |
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Authors: | Manik Chandra Biswas Samit Chakraborty Abhishek Bhattacharjee Zaheeruddin Mohammed |
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Affiliation: | 1. Fiber and Polymer Science, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USA;2. Textile Technology Management, Department of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USA;3. School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80524 USA;4. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chappie James Hall, Tuskegee University, 1200 West Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, AL, 36088 USA |
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Abstract: | Shape memory materials (SMMs) in 3D printing (3DP) technology garnered much attention due to their ability to respond to external stimuli, which direct this technology toward an emerging area of research, “4D printing (4DP) technology.” In contrast to classical 3D printed objects, the fourth dimension, time, allows printed objects to undergo significant changes in shape, size, or color when subjected to external stimuli. Highly precise and calibrated 4D materials, which can perform together to achieve robust 4D objects, are in great demand in various fields such as military applications, space suits, robotic systems, apparel, healthcare, sports, etc. This review, for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, focuses on recent advances in SMMs (e.g., polymers, metals, etc.) based wearable smart textiles and fashion goods. This review integrates the basic overview of 3DP technology, fabrication methods, the transition of 3DP to 4DP, the chemistry behind the fundamental working principles of 4D printed objects, materials selection for smart textiles and fashion goods. The central part summarizes the effect of major external stimuli on 4D textile materials followed by the major applications. Lastly, prospects and challenges are discussed, so that future researchers can continue the progress of this technology. |
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Keywords: | 4D printing challenges and opportunities mechanism shape memory materials and shape memory polymers smart textiles and fashion |
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