|
|||||
|
|
Manipulating the Crystallization Kinetics by Additive Engineering toward High-Efficient Photovoltaic Performance |
|
| Authors: | Jingnan Song Qin Hu Quanzeng Zhang Shaobing Xiong Zhe Zhao Jazib Ali Yecheng Zou Wei Feng Zhibin Yang Qinye Bao Yongming Zhang Thomas P Russell Feng Liu |
| Affiliation: | 1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China;2. School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 P. R. China
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA;3. Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 P. R. China;4. State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials, Zibo City, Shandong, 256401 P. R. China;5. Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003 USA Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA |
| Abstract: | Additive processing is proven to be an effective method to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells; however, its intrinsic role in directing the crystallization pathway and thus morphology formation remains unknown. In situ grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS) is applied to study the function of a 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) additive in manipulating the crystallization behavior of perovskite thin films. It is seen that the DIO additive could induce multi-stage intermediate crystallization phases and increases the activation energy for nucleation and growth, which postpones the perovskite phase transformation time and broadens the transition zone. The elongated crystallization process affords improved perovskite thin film crystallinity and reduces defect density, which enables a longer carrier diffusion length. As a result, improved device efficiency, moisture, and thermal stability can be achieved. The current study provides a new prospective in understanding the additive function in perovskite thin film morphology control from fundamental parameters, indicating the importance of minor processing conditions in global property management toward high device performance. |
| Keywords: | activation energy crystallization kinetics in situ characterization perovskite solar cells X-ray diffraction |