注重干旱区河谷林草生态保护与修复的漓漫灌溉研究

为提高干旱地区灌溉效率,保障河谷林草的正常生长,本文以额尔齐斯河流域为研究对象,深入阐述了漓漫灌溉理论,提出了漓漫灌溉主要技术。据此分析计算了流域内河谷林草的生态需水量,制定了河谷林草的漓漫灌溉制度,相比传统的农业灌溉,更注重于考虑生态的修复和保护。计算结果表明:(1)河谷林草的生态需水集中在4—9月,且缺水量最大在6月下旬—7月上旬,为漓漫灌溉生态调度起始时间的界定奠定了技术支撑;(2)生态工程布置和漓漫灌溉分区确定的生态工程与灌区一一对应的靶区漓漫灌溉模式有助于改善河道外植被的供水条件,保证河谷林草最大程度地吸纳水分;(3)制定的漓漫灌溉制度可为灌溉工程规划设计以及灌区用水管理提供依据。在实施漓漫灌溉后,通过生态工程和非工程措施实现了河谷林草的生态保护目标,流域内河谷林草的生态得到有效恢复和改善。研究成果对促进流域河谷林草、湿地等生态目标的改善和实施具有重要的理论意义和实用价值,为确保流域社会经济用水与生态用水之间的相对均衡、保护与修复流域内河谷林草的生境提供了技术支撑。

Study on infiltrating irrigation for river valley grassland in arid regions considering ecological protection and restoration

In order to improve irrigation efficiency and ensure the normal growth of river valley grassland in arid regions,the Irtysh River basin is taken as the research object to expound the theory of the infiltrating irrigation and propose its main techniques. Based on which,the ecological water demand of forests and grasses in the river valleys in the basin was analyzed and calculated, and the infiltrating irrigation system was formulated. Compared with traditional agricultural irrigation,more attention is paid to ecological restoration and protection in the infiltrating irrigation system. The calculation results show that. (1) the ecological water demand of forest and grass in the valley is concentrated in April to September, and the largest amount of water shortage is from late June to early July, providing technical support for the definition of the starting time of infiltrating irrigation ecological scheduling. (2) The ecological project layout and the ecological project determined by the infiltrating irrigation zone correspond to the model of target area of infiltrating irrigation, helps to adjust and improve the water supply conditions of vegetation outside the river, and ensure that the river valley grassland absorb water to the greatest extent. (3) The infiltrating irrigation system formulated can provide a basis for the planning and design of irrigation projects and water management in the irrigation area. After the implementation of infiltrating irrigation, ecological engineering and non-engineering measures have achieved the ecological protection goals of the forest and grass in the valley. The ecological and social and economic benefits in the basin have become increasingly significant,and the ecology of the forest and grass in the valley can be effectively restored and improved. The research results have important theoretical significance and application value in promoting a relative balance between social and economic water use and ecological water use in the river basin.