Changes in Lipid Composition During Dry Grind Ethanol Processing of Corn |
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Authors: | Robert A Moreau Keshun Liu Jill K Winkler-Moser Vijay Singh |
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Affiliation: | (1) Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA;(2) Grain Chemistry and Utilization Laboratory, National Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1691 S. 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA;(3) Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA;(4) Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA |
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Abstract: | During the dry grind ethanol process, ground corn is fermented and the major co-product is a feed called distillers dried
grains with solubles (DDGS). This study investigated the changes that occur in the composition of corn oil that can be extracted
from various process fractions during the dry grind ethanol process. In the first part of this study, samples of distillers
dried grains, thin stillage, condensed distillers solubles (also known as syrup), and DDGS were obtained from 7 dry grind
ethanol plants. The levels of deleterious free fatty acids were high (>7%) and those of valuable total phytosterols were also
high in all fractions (>2%). In the second part of this study, changes in the content and composition of the fatty acids,
phytosterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols were quantitatively analyzed in crude oil samples extracted from nine dry grind
process fractions from three commercial ethanol plants. Fatty acid and phytosterol composition remained nearly constant in
all nine fractions, although some significant variations in phytosterol composition existed among the fractions. Examination
of the tocopherols and tocotrienols revealed that γ-tocopherol was the most abundant tocol in ground corn but an unknown tocol
became the predominant tocol after fermentation and persisted in the remaining processing fractions and in the final DDGS
product. Overall, the remaining majority of tocols remained relatively unchanged. |
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