内蒙古传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的分离及其耐药性研究

以内蒙古通辽地区自制的奶豆腐和酸性奶油（乌日莫）为材料，采用稀释涂布法从中分离乳酸菌，通过分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定，并对其耐药性进行研究。结果表明，共分离纯化得到80株乳酸菌，经鉴定，归属于13个种，分别为短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）、粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）、乳酸片球菌（Lactobacillus acidilacticii）、乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）、瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）、屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）、戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）、副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）、食二酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus digitalis）、奥塔基乳杆菌（Lactobacillus ottaki）、耐久肠球菌（Enterococcus durans）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、开菲尔乳杆菌（Lactobacillus kefir），表现出高的生物多样性。80株乳酸菌对萘啶酸的耐药率为100%；对链霉素、环丙沙星、万古霉素的耐药率较高，分别为95.00%、80.00%、72.50%；对利福平和四环素的耐药率中等，分别为51.25%，45.00%；对红霉素、氯霉素的耐药率较低，分别为26.25%、23.75%。此外，76株（95%）的乳酸菌还具有多重耐药性。

Isolation and drug resistance of lactic acid bacteria from traditional fermented dairy products in Inner Mongolia

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from home-made milk tofu and sour cream(Wurimo)collected from Tongliao city of Inner Mongolia by the dilution-plate method,and identified by molecular biology technology,and their drug resistance was analyzed.The results showed that 80 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and purified.After identification,these strains belonged to 13 species,including Lactobacillus brevis,Enterococcus faecalis,Lactobacillus acidilacticii,Lactococcus lactis,Lactobacillus helveticus,Enterococcus faecium,Pediococcus pentosaceus,Lactobacillus paracasei,Lactobacillus digitalis,Lactobacillus ottaki,Enterococcus durans,Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus kefir,showing very high biodiversity.The drug resistance rate of 80 strains of lactic acid bacteria to nalidixic acid was 100%.The drug resistance rates to streptomycin,ciprofloxacin and vancomycin were high,which were 95.00%,80.00%and 72.50%,respectively.The drug resistance rates to rifampicin and tetracycline were medium,which were 51.25%and 45.00%,respectively.The drug resistance rates to erythromycin and chloramphenicol were low,which were 26.25%and 23.75%,respectively.In addition,76 strains(95%)of lactic acid bacteria had multiple drug resistance.