浅埋深回采工作面冲击地压发生机理及防治

通过分析新疆某矿一段时间内现场矿压显现情况并结合实测微震和工作面支架压力数据，获得了冲击地压发生机理：坚硬厚层顶板是冲击地压发生的主要力源，采煤工艺影响和支架支护质量低导致顶板压力转移到工作面煤壁上，形成了煤体应力集中和弹性能量积聚，推进速度过快加剧了煤体应力和能量积聚程度，在煤体自身强冲击倾向性作用下导致冲击地压发生。据此提出冲击地压防治原则：避免坚硬厚层顶板的压力转移到煤壁上形成应力集中。具体方法为及时切断坚硬顶板，对煤体进行卸压爆破，并提高工作面支架初撑力。现场实践表明，防治效果明显。

Rock-burst mechanism and prevention in working face of shallow buried coal-seam

After analyzing series monitoring data of micro seismic and powered support pressure in Xinjiang，rock burst mechanism was obtained.Thick and hard roof is main pressure source of rock burst.Bad and delayed supporting make roof pressure transferred on coal wall ahead of mining face.Thus，elastic energy and stress concentration formed，and fast mining speed aggravates energy and stress concentration degree.In this instance，rock burst is inevitable because of strong burst liability of coal seam.Based on this，rock burst prevention principle was established that avoiding transferring hard and thick roof pressure to coal wall.The prevention methods included broken blasting of hard roof，pressure relief blasting of coal body and increasing setting load of powered supports. The practice shows that prevention methods are effective.