Numerical Calculation of Turbulence Structure in Depth-Varying Unsteady Open-Channel Flows

Unsteady depth-varying open-channel flows are really observed in flood rivers. Owing to highly accurate laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), some valuable experimental databases of depth-varying unsteady open-channel flows are now available. However, these LDA measurements are more difficult to conduct in open-channel flows at higher unsteadiness, in comparison with unsteady wall-bounded flows such as oscillatory boundary layers and duct flows. Therefore, in this study, a low-Reynolds-number k–ε model involved with a function of unsteadiness effect was developed and some numerical calculations were conducted using the volume of fluid method as a free-surface condition. The present calculated values were in good agreement with the existing LDA data in the whole flow depth from the wall to the time-dependent free surface. These values were also compared with those of unsteady wall-bounded flows. The present calculations were able to predict the distributions of turbulence generation and its dissipation, and consequently the unsteadiness effect on turbulence structure was discussed on the basis of the outer-variable unsteadiness parameter α, which is correlated with the inner-variable unsteadiness parameter ω+ in unsteady wall-bounded flows.