光子晶体光纤的设计与应用研究综述

光子晶体光纤具有较强的可设计性,一般通过改变光子晶体光纤包层中空气孔的大小、形状或者排列方式对光纤的传输特性进行调节,以此实现高双折射、高非线性、平坦色散及低限制性损耗等特性。光子晶体光纤的传输特性在不同领域中具有较大的应用价值,如分布式传感、飞秒激光器和气体传感器等。文章首先介绍了光子晶体光纤的结构特征以及与普通单模光纤的区别,在此基础上针对各种典型的光子晶体光纤结构分析了其色散和非线性等传输特性。详细介绍了基于光子晶体光纤的分布式光纤传感、飞秒激光器和气体传感器的传感机理以及达到的传感性能,并与非基于光子晶体光纤的传感器的传感性能进行了比较,验证了基于光子晶体光纤传感器的优异性能。最后对光子晶体光纤的发展及应用进行了总结与展望。

Review of Designs and Applications of Photonic Crystal Fiber

Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) can be designed flexibility. In general, the propagation properties of the PCF are adjusted by changing the sizes, shapes or arrangement of the air holes, and then the PCF with high birefringence, high nonlinearity, flattened dispersion and low confinement loss can be obtained. PCF has potential applications in different fields, such as distributed optical fiber sensor, femtosecond laser, gas sensor and so on. In this paper, firstly, the structure characteristics of PCF and the difference between the traditional single-mode fiber (SMF) and the PCF are introduced. Secondly, their typical structures and propagation properties are analyzed. Thirdly, the sensing mechanisms and performance of distributed optical fiber sensor, femtosecond laser and gas sensor based on the PCF are introduced in detail. The results show that compared with the traditional SMF, the PCF can achieve more excellent performance in applications. Finally, the developments and applications of PCF are summarized and prospected.