锂硫电池正极材料的研究进展

世界能源短缺危机日益严重,发展可再生能源成为必然趋势,而储能系统的研究则成为其中的关键。另外,锂离子电池在电子设备中有着重要的作用,但是其较低的理论比容量,使之难以满足大型电子设备的需求。锂硫电池具有数倍于锂离子电池的理论比能量密度(2 600 Wh·kg^-1)和理论比容量(1 675 mAh·g^-1),而且单质硫储量丰富、价格低廉,因此锂硫电池是非常具有应用前景的储能器件。正极材料对锂硫电池性能具有重要的影响,并得到广泛研究。本文综述了近年来硫/碳、硫@碳/金属化合物、硫/杂原子掺杂碳以及负载催化剂的硫/碳等各类复合材料在锂硫电池中的研究进展,并对其发展进行了展望。

Research Progress of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Battery

With the world energy shortage crisis becoming more and more serious, the development of renewable energy has become an inevitable trend, and the research of energy storage system has become a key issue. Lithium-ion battery plays an important role in electronic equipment, but its low theoretical specific capacity makes it difficult to meet the needs of large scale electronic equipment. With theoretical specific energy density (2 600 Wh·kg^-1) and theoretical specific capacity (1 675 mAh·g^-1) several times higher than those of lithium-ion battery, source-abundance and low price of sulfur, lithium-sulfur battery is a very promising energy storage device. Cathode materials have an important impact on the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries, which have been widely studied. In this paper, the recent research progress of sulfur/carbon composites, sulfur@carbon/metal compounds composites, sulfur/heteroatom doped carbon composites and sulfur/carbon composites loaded with catalysts in lithium-sulfur batteries was reviewed, and their future development was prospected.