镰孢菌毒素的主要类型及其收获前后的生物防控方法

镰孢菌毒素是镰孢菌属真菌产生的多种有毒性的次级代谢产物的总称，在自然界中分布极为广泛，是常见的污染粮食和饲料的真菌毒素种类，严重威胁人畜健康。近年来镰孢菌毒素污染粮食和饲料的问题日益严重，已成为普遍关注的食品安全和饲料安全热点问题之一。由于农产品收获后的物理、化学的脱毒方法存在着脱毒不彻底、营养成分流失和化学试剂残留对人畜健康的不确定性等问题；因此以生物技术为基础的综合防控镰孢菌及其毒素危害的方法成为了近年来的研究热点之一。本文将重点介绍镰孢菌毒素的主要类型及其对动植物的危害，阐述农产品收获前后生物防治镰孢菌及其毒素危害的方法，并探讨各种防控方法的优缺点以及未来可能的研究方向，以期为镰孢菌毒素综合防控策略的制定提供参考。

Main types of Fusarium toxins and their biocontrol control methods from preharvest to postharvest

Fusarium mycotoxins are a general term for various toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi of Fusarium genus and widely distributed in nature. They not only contaminate food and feed, but also seriously threaten the health of human and livestock. In recent years, the mycotoxin contamination of food and feed has become more and more serious, and has become one of the hot issues of food safety and feed safety. When the contaminated food and feed was treated by physical and chemical detoxification methods after harvest, they still had many problems including incomplete detoxification, loss of nutrients and uncertainty of human and animal health caused by chemical reagent residues. So, the comprehensive prevention and control of Fusarium and its mycotoxins based on biotechnology has become one of the research hotspots. This paper will focus on the main types of Fusarium mycotoxins and their harm to animals and plants, elaborate the methods of biological control of Fusarium mycotoxin from preharvest to postharvest. Then, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various prevention and control methods as well as possible research directions in the future. Last, we hope this paper would provide a reference for the development of comprehensive control strategies for Fusarium mycotoxins.