活塞式抽油泵的初步设计

鉴于柱塞式抽油泵在使用过程中常常发生因柱塞、阀等严重磨损造成的漏失问题，以及由于油层出砂引起泵体严重损坏和卡泵等事故。在汽车气缸活塞密封结构的启发下，初步设计出靠活塞环组密封的新型活塞式抽油泵。这种泵由泵筒和活塞两部分构成，但所需配套泵筒的长度可大大缩短。活塞外表面开有活塞槽，槽内配合有弹性钢质、截面呈直角三角形的内外活塞环组。外活塞环的上端面上有４个凸起块，并采用特殊的开口结构，可在保证密封性的同时自由调节其外径。两活塞环在下冲程时提供进液通道，上冲程时起密封作用。它与传统抽油泵相比，进泵流体流动阻力小，效率高，特别适用于稠油的举升。

The preliminary design for the piston-type subsurface pump

Based on the piston sealing structure of air cylinders in cars and trucks, a piston type subsurface pump is designed. The pump consists of a barrel, which is similar to but dramatically shorter than that of the plunger pump, and a piston, in which there are some slots with inner and outer rings supporting each other. On the surface of the upper end of the outer ring, there are 4 convex parts and some special openings. The outside diameter of the outer ring can be adjusted flexibly with its sealing performance ensured. On the down stroke of the pump, the outer and inner rings provide a fluid passage, and on the upstroke, they play the role of sealing. The piston type subsurface pump is characterized by good sealing and easy maintenance, and it is particularly suitable for use in viscous oil recovery.