黄土丘陵露天矿复垦土地适宜性分区的方法与运用

合理安排露天矿复垦后平台边坡土地里利用布局是露天矿复垦的关键环节。该文以山西省吕鑫露天矿为例,根据物种生长的"适地适种"原则,分析原地貌环境下耕地、林地、草地对海拔高度、土层厚度、地形坡度、地形坡向等立地环境的要求,构建土地利用适宜性评价指标体系,对复垦后的平台边坡合理安排土地利用方式。结果表明:1研究区耕地分布主要海拔高度在1240m~1380m,土层厚度在100cm以上,坡度基本在6°以内;林地在各海拔高度内分布均匀,在土层厚度80cm的坡度低于25°的平台和阴坡上分布较广;草地在各海拔高度、土层厚度、坡度和坡向范围内分布均匀;2该矿区复垦后宜耕地面积约为594.47hm2,占矿区总面积的46.3%,宜林地面积约为340.94hm2,占矿区总面积的26.56%,宜草地面积约为348.45hm2,占矿区总面积的27.14%。

Method and application of land suitability zoning in the Loess Hilly open pit mine

Rational arrangement of the land use layout of the open pit slope is the key in the reclamation of open pit mine. Taking Shanxi Lu Xin open pit as an example, according to the principle of "suitable for the species", this paper analyzes the original landscape environment of farmland, woodland, grassland on the altitude, soil depth, the terrain gradient, terrain slope to the site environment, constructs land use suitability evaluation index system to develop a reasonable land use pattern of the slope of the post platform. Results show that: 1) the main elevation of the area of cultivated land distribution height in 1240m-1380m, soil thickness in more than 100 cm, slope basic in less than 6 degrees; woodland is evenly distributed in the altitude, at 80cm soil layer thickness gradient below 25 degrees of platform and shady slope distribution is wide; grassland in the elevation height, thickness of soil layer, slope degree and slope to within the scope of the uniform distribution. 2) after the mine reclamation, cultivated land area is about 594.47hm2, 46.3% of the total mining area, barren land area is about 340.94hm2, accounting for the total mining area of 26.56%, appropriate grassland area is about 348.45hm2, accounted for 27.14% of the total mining area.