Sorption and desorption behaviours of 2,4‐D and glyphosate in calcareous soil from Antalya,Turkey |
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Authors: | Bilge Ozbay Nihat Hakan Akyol Gokce Akyol Ismail Ozbay |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli;2. Department of Geological Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli;3. Department of Industrial Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey |
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Abstract: | 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyl acetic acid (2,4‐D) and glyphosate are used extensively as a herbicide in vicinity of Antalya, Turkey. Laboratory batch experiments were conducted to investigate the sorption isotherm and sorption‐desorption characteristics of 2,4‐D and glyphosate. Results indicated that degree of sorption of glyphosate was approximately 50 times higher than 2,4‐D (Kd= 34.43 vs. 0.66 L/Kg). The sorption of 2,4‐D and glyphosate was described by linear and rate‐limited processes for soil. Organic carbon content was most likely responsible for sorption behaviour of 2,4‐D and glyphosate. The rapid desorption can be attributed to soft carbon fraction (humic/fluvic acid and lipids) whereas slower desorption can be responsible by hard carbon fraction (black carbon, kerogen) of soils that led to chemically nonideal behaviour (hysteresis). Sorption of 2,4‐D was low due to most likely deactivation of organic carbon surfaces by excess carbonate fraction, whereas strong binding of glyphosate onto organic carbon causing high sorption behaviour. |
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Keywords: | Antalya calcareous soil 2 4‐D glyphosate sorption |
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