基于地震波频谱分析与线性叠加的电子雷管延时优选

电子雷管延期时间优选需要考虑爆心距因素，现有研究成果多是针对特定建（构）筑物所提出，需要解决不同爆心距处被保护对象的延期时间设置问题。结合国内某红砂岩石方开挖爆破工程，设计开展电 子雷管爆破振动监测试验，分析地震波峰值振动速度与振动主频演变规律；依据地震波线性叠加原理，运用MATLAB编制计算程序，建立单孔爆破波形Fourier级数拟合函数，研究叠加波列数与延期时间对合成波形峰值 振动速度的影响机制，提出电子雷管延期时间优选方法。结果表明：爆破地震波峰值振动速度及振动主频随比例距离呈幂指数形式衰减；叠加波列数达到23时，合成波形峰值振动速度趋于稳定。当孔间延期时间为单 孔振波主振周期2.6倍以上时，合成波形峰值振动速度接近单孔振波峰值；延期时间为单孔振波主振周期0.4~0.6倍时，合成波形峰值振动速度可能会出现最小值或较小值，但延期时间为主振周期1倍左右时，合成波形 会出现干扰叠加振速增强。所建立的延期时间优选方法，可计算任意爆心距处的最优延期时间值。

Delay Time Interval Optimization of Electronic Detonator Based on Spectrum Analysis and Linear Superposition of Seismic Wave

The delay time interval optimization of electronic detonator needs to consider the factors of the distance from the explosion center. Most of the existing research results are put forward for specific buildings， which need to solve the optimization problem of the delay time interval of the protected objects with different distance from the explosion center. Combined with a red sand rock excavation blasting project in China， the blasting vibration monitoring test of electronic detonator was designed and carried out， and the evolution law of peak particle velocity （PPV） and dominant frequency for seismic wave were analyzed. Based on the principle of linear superposition of seismic waves， the Fourier series fitting function of single hole blasting waveform was established by MATLAB program. The influence mechanism of number of superimposed waveforms and delay time interval （DTI） on the PPV of synthetic waveform （SW） was studied， and the optimization method of DTI for electronic detonator was proposed. The results show that， the PPV and predominant frequency of blasting seismic wave attenuate exponentially with proportional distance under the condition of red sandstone test site. The PPV of the SW tends to be stable when the number of superimposed waveforms reaches 23. The PPV of the SW is close to the PPV of the single hole blasting when the DTI is more than 2.6 times of the predominant period. The PPV of the SW may appear the minimum value or smaller value when the DTI is 0.4~0.6 times of the predominant period， but there will be interference superposition and vibration velocity enhancement when the DTI is about 1 times of the predominant period. The DTI optimization method can be used to calculate the optimal DTI between holes at any distance from explosion center.