运动健康视角下居住街坊绿地评价及更新研究————以哈尔滨老工业区为例

“健康中国”背景下，老工业区绿地存在同质化、数量缺乏等先天劣势，居住街坊绿地难以满足居民运动健康需求。以哈尔滨三大动力老工业区为研究对象，基于主动健身型和休闲娱乐型两类运动类型差异，识别影响运动供给能力的居住街坊绿地空间特征，基于Kano模型聚类量化居民运动需求完成权重赋值，建立运动健康视角下老工业区居住街坊绿地评价模型。应用评价模型叠加绿地实际运动使用，量化识别运动供需断点和关键调配区域，确定居住街坊绿地更新优先级，并提出具体优化和增补的更新策略。将有利于主动式健康干预的老工业区居住街坊绿地有机更新。

Evaluation and Renewal of Residential Neighborhood Green Space from the Perspective of Sports Health: A Case Study of Old Industrial Area in Harbin

Old industrial areas are an old community, which is formed in a specific historical period and has typical spatial features. However, is facing a supply-demand contradiction between "high demands for public health and low supply of green spaces". In the background of "Healthy China", the green spaces in the old industrial area possess some inherent disadvantages of homogenization and inadequate quantity. In any case, the residential neighborhood green spaces in the old industrial area are difficult to meet residents' needs for sports health. 　　In this work, residential neighborhood green spaces in three different large dynamic old industrial areas of heavy industrial state-owned enterprises in Harbin were selected as the research objects. The renewal priority of the residential neighborhood green spaces was determined. Moreover, specific green space renewal strategies for the optimization and supplementation of active fitness activities and leisure & entertainment activities were proposed. This study is conducive to the organic renewal of residential neighborhood green spaces in old industrial areas with active health intervention. 　　Firstly, an evaluation framework model of the residential neighborhood green spaces in old industrial areas, from the perspective of sports health, was built. The evaluation index system was determined by conducting a thorough literature review of the internal and external environments of the residential neighborhood green spaces. The evaluation technical paths were determined, while from the extracted results some references to follow-up empirical studies can be provided. 　　Secondly, a case study based on the sports supply and residential neighbourhood green spaces in three different large dynamic old industrial areas was carried out. (1) The sports supply capacity of the spaces in the typical old industrial area that has "large street blocks, small green land area and homogenization" was systematically analyzed. (2) 25 blocks of open residential neighborhood green spaces, which can carry sports activities, which were determined after pre-survey were chosen to analyze the sports needs of residents in old industrial areas. (3) Significant evaluation factors for residential neighborhood green spaces were screened by performing Pearson correlation analysis, from the perspective of differences between the active fitness type and leisure & entertainment type of the sports activities. Meanwhile, the 29 recognized significant spatial characteristic indexes and the population of two types of sports were input into the multiple regression model. In each type of sport, 10 significant influencing factors were determined and the quantitative residents' demands were analyzed by using the Kano model. Finally, four types of needs (basic type, expectation type, exciting type, and zero-difference type) were used as references for weighting of significant evaluation factors, which were valued at 4, 3, 2 and 1, respectively. Moreover, an evaluation model of sports activity supply and needs in the residential neighborhood green spaces was constructed. 　　Thirdly, the renewal empirical study was carried out by using the developed model. The renewal priority of the residential neighborhood green spaces in old industrial zones, from the perspective of sports health was recognized, while some specific renewal strategies were proposed. The optimization strategies for the green space for active fitness activities were proposed according to the evaluation model from two internal elements (spatial quality and basic characteristics), and two external dimensions (accessibility and diversity) of the space. The optimization strategies for the green space for leisure & entertainment activities were proposed from the two dimensions of basic characteristics and accessibility. The supplementation strategies of the residential neighborhood green spaces were improved from the aspects of spatial combination, unified axis, and reconstruction of deformation-free spaces. 　　Finally, the extracted conclusions were summarized. An evaluation model of the residential neighborhood green spaces, from the perspective of sports health was constructed by carrying out a case study based on three large dynamic old industrial areas in Harbin. Moreover, an empirical application of the model was carried out. Ordered renewal of inventory green spaces was realized, which was adapted to public health needs of vulnerable groups in the old industrial areas flexibly, and promoted the construction of Healthy China.