聚丁内酰胺的生物降解性研究进展

目的 介绍聚丁内酰胺(Polybutyrolactam,PA4)的生物降解性研究现状,综述聚丁内酰胺及其衍生物在海洋、土壤、堆肥等自然环境中的生物降解速率及降解机制,为聚丁内酰胺的改性和应用研究提供指导.方法 采用分类总结的方法,对比聚丁内酰胺及其衍生物在不同环境下的降解行为,阐述目前关于其降解机制的研究进展.结论 聚丁内酰胺可在自然环境中短期内降解,其优异的生物降解性与亲水性有关,同时自然环境中长期存在的某些菌群能够分泌胞外酶水解酰胺键,使得聚丁内酰胺可在自然环境中快速降解.结构改性对聚丁内酰胺的降解速率具有一定影响,探究聚丁内酰胺改性后生物降解性的变化,有助于开拓控制其降解速率的新思路.聚丁内酰胺具有极高的气体阻隔性和出色的力学性能,未来作为可降解材料在食品包装方面应用具有极高的应用前景,通过合适的改性手段实现PA4热塑加工,并保留PA4良好的生物降解性,明确环境微生物对PA4及其改性产物的代谢和降解途径,也是未来研究的难点和热点.

Research Progress of Biodegradability of Polybutyrolactam

The paper aims to summarize the research status on the biodegradabilityof polybutyrolactam (PA4), as well as the biodegradation rate and degradation mechanism of PA4 and its derivatives in different natural environments such as sea, soil and compost, and provide guidance for modification and application direction of PA4. The methods of classification and summary are used to compare the degradation behavior of polybutyrolactam and its derivatives in different environments, and clarify the current research progress on their degradation mechanism. PA4 can be degraded in the natural environment in a short period of time. Its excellent biodegradability is related to hydrophilicity. At the same time, certain bacterial groups in the natural environment can secrete extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze amide bonds to degrade PA4. Structural modification also has a certain effect on the degradation rate of PA4. Exploring the changes in biodegradability of PA4 after modification will help to develop new ideas for controlling its degradation rate. PA4 has a very high application prospect as a degradable material in food packaging in the future because of its high gas barrier properties and excellent mechanical properties. It is also a difficult and hot topic in the future to realize the thermoplastic processing of PA4 by appropriate modification methods, while retaining the good biodegradability of PA4, and clarify the metabolism and degradation pathway of environmental microorganisms to PA4 and its modified products.