基于围墙开放模式下采暖小区的热湿环境分析

在城镇规划和住宅建设中,传统的居住小区都是有围墙的社区。对民众来说冷热适中的居住空间、健康环保的居住环境是人们追求的社区模式,而围墙则是社区的第一道安全保障;对既定的居住小区来说,通过围墙可以用较低的成本将一个小区内的公共服务水平提高。更重要的是从建筑热环境的角度来看,采暖地区的围墙又是社区在冬季避免冷风侵袭的一道屏障。基于推行"新建住宅要推广街区制,原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区,已建成的住宅小区和单位大院要逐步打开"的讨论,小区围墙开放与否成为民众关注的焦点。以开封市某大型社区为例,分别对有无围墙两种情况在小区内进行取点测试,通过对实测数据的分析对比,重点分析围墙打开后对小区热环境指标及其稳定性的影响,以此评价围墙开放模式对冬季采暖地区社区热环境及其对采暖能效的影响,从而评估围墙开放在采暖地区的可行性。

Thermal and Humid Environment of Heating District Based on the Opened Community

In urban planning and residential construction, the traditional residential area is a walled community.For people, a moderate living space and a health living environment is the pursuit of the community model.Especially, the wall is the first line of community security for people in the winter heating area, and walls can raise the level of public service in a community with a lower cost as well.More importantly, from the perspective of building thermal environment, walls are barriers against cold wind in winter.Based on the discussion about "implementation of the new residential blocks, no longer build a closed residential area in principle, gradually remove walls of existed residential quarters and units compound", community walls open or not become the focus of public attention.In the experimental test, a large community was selected as the research object in Kaifeng City.In order to evaluate the influence of the wall on the thermal environment and its effect on the heating energy efficiency in the winter heating area, the environmental parameters were tested in two cases, with or without the wall.The feasibility of wall opening in heating area is evaluated based on the analysis of the thermal environment index.