居住区室外开敞空间PM2.5、PM10时空 分布特征及居民暴露风险评估

研究利用Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Model与Revised Drift Flux Model模拟分析了居住区室外开敞空间中PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度的时空分布,利用行为制图建立场地中居民活动与PM2.5、PM_(10)浓度分布的时空映射,并依据世界卫生组织的空气质量标准(IT-1)评估了典型场地中居民活动的暴露风险。结果表明:1)居住区室外开敞空间居民访问的主要时段是10:30—12:30及15:00—18:00,其活动范围集中在基础设施附近的热点区域;2)倾斜风向下,4个典型活动场地的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度更高,位于居住区边缘的场地更容易暴露于较高的浓度中。由植物围合的铺装场地容易富集颗粒物,提升了场地内的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度;3)场地热点平均浓度指标可用于准确评估居民室外开敞空间暴露的风险(R~20.99)。研究结果为公共健康视角下居住区室外开敞空间景观设计提供了理论依据与设计思路。

Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 and Residents' Exposure Risk Assessment in Residential Outdoor Open Spaces

The concept of imperial garden is a basic concept in the garden history research. In the development history of gardens in China, the emperors built a large quantity of gardens serving their official affairs and lives, which were defined as imperial garden. However, as a basic concept in the garden history research, the concept of imperial garden still has some vagueness. Through analyzing the existing issues of the content of the imperial families, the property right and the spatial form, this paper further discusses six vague issues of the existing concept of imperial garden. These 6 issues mainly generated from the cognitive differences of the historical and political issues in the research of imperial garden, and ignored the conclusion of the spatial characters of gardens. Hence, the studies of the content and the scope of imperial garden concept shall focus on the specific practice of the construction and management of the function and the form of imperial garden. It further refines the concept of imperial garden based on the landscape architecture discipline