N-正十八烷基麦芽糖酰胺的合成工艺及其性能研究

以正十八烷基胺(十八胺)和D-麦芽糖-δ-内酯直接反应、无需催化的方法制备了糖基表面活性剂N-正十八烷基麦芽糖酰胺.探讨了各反应影响因素对反应结果的影响,得到了适宜的合成条件为:麦芽糖内酯为1.0 mmol时,配料摩尔比(n (十八胺) : n (麦芽糖内酯) )为2:1,溶剂DMSO的用量为5 mL,反应温度60℃,反应时间24 h. 此外还采用红外(FT-IR)、核磁(~1H-NMR)、差热扫描(DSC)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)、表面张力、荧光特性测试等手段对产物进行了结构表征和性能研究.结果表明,N-正十八烷基麦芽糖酰胺水溶液在28.4℃时临界胶束浓度CMC为2.23×10~6 mol·L~(-1),对应的表面张力γCMC为30.20 mN·m~(-1),表面活性较好;在210～290 nm紫外光激励下具有明显的荧光特性,是具有荧光特性的一类糖基表面活性剂.

Study on Synthesis Technology and Properties of N-n-Octadecyl-D-maltonamide

A sugar-based surfactant N-n-octadecyl-D-maltonamide was directly synthesized from n-octadecylamine and D-maltonolactone in the absence of catalyst. The effects of influence factors, such as the reaction temperature and time, mole ratio of n-octadecylamine to D-maltonolactone and dosage of solvent DMSO, on the synthesis process were investigated;and the suitable conditions for the synthesis reaction were obtained, i.e., the amount of D-maltonolactone is 1.0 mmol, mole ratio of n-octadecylamine to D-maltonolactone is 2:1, dosage of DMSO 5 mL, reaction temperature 60℃, reaction time 24 h. The structures and properties of N-n-octadecyl-D-maltonamide products were investigated and characterized by FT-IR, ~1H-NMR, DSC, UV-Vis spectra, surface tension and fluorescence measurement etc.. Results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of N-n-octadecyl-D-maltonamide water solution at 28.4℃ is 2.23×10~6 mol·L~(-1) and the surface tension γCMC is 30.20 mN·m~(-1);in addition, the solution can emit fluorescence when it is excited with ultraviolet radiation of 210~290 nm, which indicates that the prepared N-n-octadecyl-D-maltonamide is a sugar-based surfactant with good surface activity and fluorescence.