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Polymer electrolyte membrane with nanomatrix channel prepared by sulfonation of natural rubber grafted with polystyrene
Authors:Patjaree Suksawad  Kenichiro Kosugi  Yoshimasa Yamamoto  Keiichi Akabori  Hirofumi Kuroda  Seiichi Kawahara
Affiliation:1. Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940‐2188, Japan;2. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Toyama National College of Technology, Toyama 939‐8630, Japan
Abstract:High‐proton‐conductive polymer electrolyte with a nanomatrix channel was prepared by graft copolymerization of styrene onto deproteinized natural rubber followed by sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid. First, natural rubber latex was purified with urea in the presence of surfactant to remove almost all proteins present in the rubber. Second, graft copolymerization of styrene onto deproteinized natural rubber was carried out with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine as an initiator at 30°C in latex stage. The graft‐copolymerized natural rubber (DPNR‐graft‐PS) was sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid in chloroform solution at an ambient temperature. The resulting sulfonated DPNR‐graft‐PS was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. High proton conductivity of about 0.1 S/cm, less water uptake of 24 wt % and comparatively good stress at break of 9 MPa were accomplished at suitable contents of styrene units and sulfur, i.e., 32 wt % and 75 mol %, respectively. The high proton conductivity, excellent stability, and good mechanical properties were associated with not only the formation of the nanomatrix channel but also a specific concentration of sulfuric acid group. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Keywords:nanomatrix channel  graft‐copolymerization  deproteinized natural rubber  sulfonation  polystyrene
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