大规模分散式充电桩参与电网负荷优化技术研究

电动汽车（electric vehicles, EV）发展迅速，分散式充电桩参与电网调控蕴含巨大潜力。对比负荷运行典型评估指标，将负荷波动率作为优化目标，重点构建了分散式充电桩参与电网负荷优化的多目标优化模型，提取负荷波动率的关键特征，建立表征负荷波动率的优化目标函数；引入电力奖励积分解决电价不灵活的问题，构建用户成本优化目标函数；以南京市区某配网馈线的典型夏季负荷为例，利用MATLAB工具对2 000辆可参与日调峰汽车、500辆可参与夜填谷汽车的负荷优化进行仿真分析，结果显示电网负荷波动率明显下降，用户成本大大降低。

Research on grid load optimization technology participated by large scale distributed charging piles

Due to the rapid development of electric vehicles,there is much potential for distributed charging piles to participate in power grid management. Typical evaluation indicators of load operation are compared, load fluctuation rate is selected as the objective of optimization, multiple target optimization model for load optimization with distributed charging piles is established, and the key characteristics of load fluctuation rate are extracted to establish the simple target function describing load fluctuation rate. The inflexibility of electricity pricing is solved by introduction of incentive points, and optimization target function of end user cost is built. Typical summer load conditions of certain distribution system feeder line located in Nanjing is taken for instance. MATLAB is used to simulate the load optimization featuring peak shifting and valley filling participated by 2 000 EVs and 500 EVs. It turns out that the fluctuation rate of grid load reduces obviously and the end users save cost greatly.